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The Division of AIDS Research at the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) requires a Contractor to perform a state-of-the-science taxonomical meta-analysis with the purpose of identifying the c... The Division of AIDS Research at the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) requires a Contractor to perform a state-of-the-science taxonomical meta-analysis with the purpose of identifying the critical components of HIV treatment adherence and retention approaches to accelerate efforts to promote antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and HIV care retention. The successful completion of the contract will result in (1) a taxonomical database of outcomes (e.g., objective measures of adherence), intervention components (e.g., provided tools for scheduling reminders), mechanisms of change (e.g., skills building), recipient characteristics (e.g., mental health, substance use, comorbidities), contexts and implementation strategies (e.g., clinical setting), and methodological characteristics (e.g., controlled trials) of the studies used to promote ART adherence and HIV care retention interventions, and (2) a report (a) describing the optimal intervention content to achieve viral suppression among people with HIV derived from meta-regression models to identify the intervention component or combination of components that produce the strongest effect on adherence and retention and (b) identifying the mechanisms of change, recipient characteristics, contexts and implementation strategies, and methodological characteristics that explain the conditions under which intervention efficacy is improved to guide future investments by the Division of AIDS with the goal of achieving sustained viral suppression among people living with HIV. Medication adherence and retention in clinical care form the cornerstones of HIV treatment success. Although contemporary antiretoviral therapy ART regimens are more potent and forgiving of imperfect adherence than prior regimens, medication adherence remains strongly predictive of viral suppression and clinical outcomes. It is therefore concerning that large proportions of people with HIV in the United States lack consistent ART adherence and sustained viral suppression, often due to psychosocial challenges such as mental health and substance use that operate in concert with social and structural barriers of stigma, discrimination, and poverty. These same challenges impede HIV care engagement as well as adherence, resulting in under half of people with HIV in the U.S. engaging in regular HIV medical care. Further efforts to strengthen adherence and retention are needed to improve the individual and public health benefits of ART. A recent modeling study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that improved investments in the HIV care continuum–and especially those that support adherence to achieve sustained viral suppression–provide the best approach for reducing HIV incidence in the US. To uncover patterns across interventions with diverse elements or strategies, recipients, and implementation settings requires the development of a common language or framework (taxonomy) for describing the active ingredients of the intervention. The taxonomy-based database can then be used to identify effective HIV treatment adherence and retention interventions. A taxonomic meta-analysis extends the traditional meta-analytic approach which often narrowly focus on efficacy to model variation of the effect as a function of outcomes, components of the interventions, characteristics of the intended recipients, contexts, and methodological characteristics of the study. The taxonomy-based database can also be extended to identify other features such as the observed mechanisms of change that are associated with the taxonomical elements all of which allows for the design of more powerful, efficient, and targeted intervention approaches. Therefore, a taxonomic meta-analysis can begin to unpack the “black box” of HIV care retention interventions to more precisely identify the internal workings of the interventions to facilitate more rapid translation of evidence to practice. The aims of this project are to: Use grounded theory to develop taxonomies of outcomes (e.g., objective measures of adherence), intervention components (e.g., provided tools for scheduling reminders), mechanisms of change (e.g., skills building), recipient characteristics (e.g., mental health, substance use, comorbidities), contexts and implementation strategies (e.g., clinical setting), and methodological characteristics (e.g., controlled trials) of the study used to promote ART adherence and HIV care retention interventions. Determine the optimal intervention content to achieve viral suppression among people with HIV by using meta-regression models to identify the intervention component or combination of components that produce the strongest effect on adherence and retention. Identify the mechanisms of change, recipient characteristics, contexts and implementation strategies, and methodological characteristics that explain the conditions under which intervention efficacy is improved. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services set forth a bold plan for ending the HIV epidemic by 2030 that proposed critical scientific advances to treat people with HIV rapidly and effectively to reach sustained viral suppression. Achieving this target will require the discovery of effective approaches to accelerate efforts to promote ART adherence and HIV care retention. Findings and recommendations from the proposed taxonomic meta-analysis will be disseminated by the Division of AIDS to agencies throughout the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, scientific community, specialty HIV care clinics, and other key stakeholders in collaboration with the Office of Communications and Public Liaison and will provide critical information that can accelerate the pace at which knowledge is translated into practice to effectively support sustained viral suppression in people with HIV. Under this solicitation, the Government anticipates awarding a serial performance term fixed price contract with a one-year base period and a 1 to 3 month option period. Subject solicitation will be issued on the basis of full and open competition whereby all responsible sources may submit a proposal which shall be considered by the agency. The RFP will be made available electronically, on or about 15 days from the date of this announcement (on or about April 8, 2022) via the SAM.GOV website https://www.sam.gov. Offerors are responsible for routinely checking the SAM.GOV website for any possible solicitation amendments that may be issued.